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The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is a charity operating in England and Wales that promotes animal welfare. In 2012, the RSPCA investigated 150,833 cruelty complaints.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=RSPCA Annual review )〕 It is the oldest and largest animal welfare organisation in the world〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dog Rescue Pages – UK dog rescue centres and welfare organizations )〕 and is one of the largest charities in the UK, with 1,667 employees (as of 2011).〔(Charity Insight page on the RSPCA, accessed 22 November 2010 )〕 The organisation also does international outreach work across Europe, Africa and Asia.〔("Our international work" ), RSPCA, accessed 16 August 2014.〕 The charity's work has inspired the creation of similar groups in other jurisdictions, starting with the Ulster Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (founded in 1836), and including the Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (1839), the Dublin Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (1840), the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (1866), the Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (1882), and various groups which eventually came together as the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Australia (1981), the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Hong Kong) (1997) – formerly known as the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Hong Kong) (1903–1997). The RSPCA is funded primarily by voluntary donations. In 2012, RSPCA total income was £132,803,000, total expenditure was £121,464,000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Trustees' report and accounts 2012 )〕 Its patron is Queen Elizabeth II. ==History== The organisation was founded in 1824 (without the "royal" prefix) as the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; it was established by a group of 22 reformers led by Richard Martin MP, William Wilberforce MP, and the Reverend Arthur Broome in "Old Slaughter's Coffee House", St Martin's Lane, near the Strand. The foundation is marked by a plaque on the modern day building at 77–78 St Martin's Lane.〔(City of Westminster green plaques )〕 The society was the first animal welfare charity to be founded in the world. In 1824 it brought sixty three offenders before the courts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The History of the RSPCA )〕 It was granted its royal status by Queen Victoria in 1840 to become the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, as it is today. In the late 1830s the society began the tradition of the RSPCA inspector, which is the image best known of the organisation today. The RSPCA lobbied Parliament throughout the nineteenth century, resulting in a number of new laws. The Cruelty to Animals Act 1835 amended Martin's Act and outlawed baiting. In 1876 the Cruelty to Animals Act was passed to control animal experimentation. In 1911 Parliament passed Sir George Greenwood's Animal Protection Act. Since that time the RSPCA has continued to play an active role, both in the creation of animal welfare legislation and in its enforcement. An important recent new law has been the Animal Welfare Act 2006.〔(DEFRA page on Animal Welfare Act 2006, accessed 22 November 2010 ) 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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